If you operate a small business, you know that you need a decent, working accounting system, right?
Decent accounting and bookkeeping means you know whether or not you're making a profit. And such a system lets you make better decisions about the products and services you sell and which customers and employees you want to work to keep.
Unfortunately, small business accounting isn't always easy or straightforward. Accordingly, consider these five tips to simplify your business's bookkeeping.
- Don't Incorporate
- Don't Depreciate
- Don't Combine Business and Personal Items
- Do Consider Using Cash-basis Accounting
- Do Consider Outsourcing
Incorporation complicates your accounting. By incorporating, for example, you'll automatically add payroll accounting to your bookkeeping duties--even if you're the only employee.
What's more, an incorporated business must supply more financial data when it prepares a tax return than is the case for a sole proprietor. A corporation tax return is several pages long, for example, as compared to the typical one or two page sole proprietorship tax form.
If you want to incorporate for legal reasons, by the way, you should know that you have another option for limiting your liability. You can set up a one-owner limited liability company. A one-owner business operating as a limited liability company is treated for tax accounting purposes as a sole proprietorship.
If your business is profitable or if you or your spouse have earned income from wages and you're operating as a sole proprietorship, you may be able to use something called the Section 179 election to avoid dealing with depreciation.
Rather than go to the bookkeeping burden of allocating a $500 desk as "depreciation" expense over seven years, for example, you can use the Section 179 election to just immediately write off the entire $500 furniture cost in the year you purchase and begin using the asset.
Not all states allow Section 179, so you'll want to confer with your tax advisor. But by simply writing off asset purchases, you greatly simplify your accounting. You don't, for example, find yourself a few years down the road doing the depreciation calculations for, say, several dozen or several hundred items you've purchased. Ugh.
Note: Most assets that a small business purchases can be immediately expensed using the Section 179 election. Some assets can't be expensed using Sec. 179, however, including real estate and vehicles.
Another tip for keeping your business accounting simpler: Don't combine business and personal items. For example, setup a separate bank account for the business and use that account only for business deposits and withdrawals.
Another example... Don't go try to buy a car, call the purchase a business expense, and then attempt to deduct a portion of the car's price and operating expenses.
A general rule about tax accounting: Any deduction that's been abused by taxpayers in the past is probably closely watched by the IRS and the state revenue folks. And that close monitoring almost always means that in order to take the deduction you need to go to a bunch of extra bookkeeping work. That extra bookkeeping work not only costs you time and money, the extra work also tends to truly complicate your accounting.
With a car, for example, deducting some portion of your auto expenses will require you to carefully track all of your car expenses (fuel, service, insurance, and so on) and also your business, commuting, and personal use of the vehicle. Furthermore, whenever you trade-in your "business vehicle," you or your accountant will also probably have to do the tax accounting for a like-kind exchange.
Seriously, small businesses commonly make the mistake of deducting items like cars only to find (if they're honest with themselves) that after all the wailing and gnashing of teeth (and perhaps a bit of dishonesty, too) the deduction saves only an extra two to three hundred dollars.
Tip: Do tally the business miles so you can use the simple standard business miles deduction. That deduction, for many businesses, is an easy tax deduction.
Tax laws don't allow all businesses to use cash-basis accounting. For example, if your business resells inventory or manufactures items, you probably can't use cash-basis accounting.
However, service businesses usually can employ cash-basis accounting. And cash-basis accounting, while a little frowned upon by accountants, should always been considered if the resulting accounting lets you prudently run your business.
Cash basis accounting simplifies your accounting because you don't have to setup and then work with an accounts payable system. And because you don't have to do accrual journal entries at the end of each month and year.
Note: The popular small business accounting program QuickBooks lets you do both cash-basis accounting and accrual-basis accounting.
A final quick tip that's especially applicable once you have employees: You should consider outsourcing your accounting, or some part of your accounting, once you've got employees or too little time to do the job yourself.
And this outsourcing option is actually very simple, straightforward, and even economical as compared to the options of letting your books turn into a mess or hiring a modestly competent full-time bookkeeper.
You can typically pay a service bureau a couple of thousand dollars a year, for example, to do your payroll. And a few hundred dollars a month is often enough to pay for a general bookkeeping service.
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